无溶剂法制备丙烯海松酸蔗糖酯及其在空气-水界面吸附行为研究

在无溶剂条件下,以丙烯海松酸和蔗糖为原料,在高温熔融状态下通过酯化反应制备了丙烯海松酸蔗糖酯,运用红外光谱、核磁共振和凝胶渗透色谱对其结构进行了表征,并测试了其临界胶束浓度(CMC),利用再定向理论分析了丙烯海松酸蔗糖酯表面活性剂在空气-水界面的形态转变和吸附量等吸附行为。研究结果表明:成功合成了丙烯海松酸蔗糖酯,其CMC值为2.2 g/L。丙烯海松酸蔗糖酯在空气-水界面的吸附状态分为状态1和状态2,随着表面压的增加,溶剂摩尔分数逐渐降低,2种状态丙烯海松酸蔗糖酯分子在空气-水界面上的摩尔分数之和逐渐增加。计算了吸附在界面上的状态1和状态2丙烯海松酸蔗糖酯的吸附量,随着表面压增大,状态1吸附量先增大后减小,状态2吸附量占主导且持续增多,吸附量最高可达1.9 mmol/m2。丙烯海松酸蔗糖酯的吸附和胶束化摩尔自由能(ΔG)分别为-20.67和-15.16 kJ/mol,表明丙烯海松酸蔗糖酯优先吸附在界面上,达到饱和后就形成胶束。     

解读涉牧违法行为涉嫌犯罪的主要罪名

畜牧兽医部门执法人员在行政执法过程中对涉牧违法行为是否涉嫌犯罪和涉嫌何种犯罪的把握,是能否依法、及时向刑事司法机关移送案件、加大对涉牧违法犯罪的打击力度的关键因素。本文依据《中华人民共和国刑法》、相关司法解释和相关法律法规,对畜牧兽医部门在行政执法过程中可能遇到的涉嫌犯罪案件3大类12个主要罪名进行了归纳和解读,可为畜牧兽医行政执法更好地与刑事司法衔接提供参考。     

Variant surface glycoproteins from Venezuelan trypanosome isolates are recognized by sera from animals infected with either Trypanosoma evansi or Trypanosoma vivax

Salivarian trypanosomes sequentially express only one variant surface glycoprotein (VSG) on their cell surface from a large repertoire of VSG genes. Seven cryopreserved animal trypanosome isolates known as TeAp-ElFrio01, TEVA1 (or TeAp-N/D1), TeGu-N/D1, TeAp-Mantecal01, TeGu-TerecayTrino, TeGu-Terecay03 and TeGu-Terecay323, which had been isolated from different hosts identified in several geographical areas of Venezuela were expanded using adult albino rats. Soluble forms of predominant VSGs expressed during the early infection stages were purified and corresponded to concanavalin A-binding proteins with molecular masses of 48–67 kDa by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electropohoresis, and pI values between 6.1 and 7.5. The biochemical characterization of all purified soluble VSGs revealed that they were dimers in their native form and represented different gene products. Sequencing of some of these proteins yielded peptides homologous to VSGs from Trypanosoma (Trypanozoon) brucei and Trypanosoma (Trypanozoon) evansi and established that they most likely are mosaics generated by homologous recombination. Western blot analysis showed that all purified VSGs were cross-reacting antigens that were recognized by sera from animals infected with either T. evansi or Trypanosoma (Dutonella) vivax. The VSG glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol cross-reacting determinant epitope was only partially responsible for the cross-reactivity of the purified proteins, and antibodies appeared to recognize cross-reacting conformational epitopes from the various soluble VSGs. ELISA experiments were performed using infected bovine sera collected from cattle in a Venezuelan trypanosome-endemic area. In particular, soluble VSGs from two trypanosome isolates, TeGu-N/D1 and TeGu-TeracayTrino, were recognized by 93.38% and 73.55% of naturally T. vivax-infected bovine sera, respectively. However, approximately 70% of the sera samples did not recognize all seven purified proteins. Hence, the use of a combination of various VSGs for the diagnosis of animal trypanosomosis is recommended.     

用星点设计-效应面法优化锥栗总黄酮超声提取工艺

为了优选锥栗中总黄酮的超声提取工艺条件,以乙醇体积分数、提取时间、液固比为试验因素,以锥栗总黄酮的提取率为考察指标,在单因素试验的基础上,采用星点设计–效应面法(CCD-RSM),对锥栗总黄酮的提取工艺条件进行了优化试验。结果表明,锥栗总黄酮的最佳提取工艺条件为:80%乙醇,超声提取20min,固液比为24,提取温度为50℃。按此工艺提取,总黄酮的提取率为0.0685%;且此方法操作简便,结果稳定,预测性良好。     

不同坐标变换方法对城市复杂下垫面碳通量的影响

利用长沙城市森林生态站2013年1—12月的CO2通量数据,分析了三维超声风速的三种坐标变换结果的差异。结果表明:二次旋转(DR)或三次旋转(TR)变换的Pitch角和Roll角变化幅度远大于平面拟合(PF)变换,且都有明显的方向性;DR和TR变换强迫平均垂直风速为0,不符合城市热岛环流引起的平均垂直风速不为0的事实;DR和TR变换明显改变了摩擦速度的大小;TR变换增大了CO2通量的不确定性。因此,本站的倾斜校正宜采用平面拟合变换。     

液液萃取气相色谱法测定地表水中多氯联苯

指出了多氯联苯是一种持久性环境污染物,地表水中 PCBs液液萃取气相色谱法分析技术具有相当的代表性,以EPA的标准分析方法为基础,结合多年实验经验,对此方法内容进行了详细描述并对部分内容进行了优化,旨在为该方法的转化研究提供一些参考。     

以普鲁兰多糖为载体的CO2型指示标签的研制

以普鲁兰为成膜材料制备一种CO2敏感型指示标签，以食品包装中CO2含量作为监控指标，以甲基红和溴百里酚蓝为指示剂，与成膜材料普鲁兰多糖及甘油混合制得对CO2敏感的凝溶液，以滤纸为基材制备指示标签，并研究普鲁兰多糖浓度、甘油添加量、倒板量对指示标签变色的影响，采用响应面分析法对指示标签的制作工艺进行优化。结果表明，指示标签制备的最佳工艺条件为：在甲基红溶液与溴百里酚蓝溶液体积比为3∶2，质量浓度为5%的混合指示液中添加普鲁兰多糖7.5 g/100 mL、甘油2 g/100 mL，将6.5 mL溶液倒入铺有滤纸的平皿中，浸泡2 h并自然晾干12 h，可制得CO2气敏性指示标签，对其进行验证，色差值为18.21。该指示标签制备工艺简单，可重复操作，具有较大的使用价值。